Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar)
Introduction
When the blood-sugar level falls below normal (hypoglycaemia)
brain function is affected. This problem is sometimes recognised by
a rapidly deteriorating level of response.
Hypoglycaemia can occur in people with diabetes mellitus and,
more rarely, appear with an epileptic seizure or after an episode
of binge drinking. It can also complicate heat exhaustion or hypothermia.
Recognition features
There may be:
- A history of diabetes; the casualty may recognise the onset of
a "hypo" attack
- Weakness, faintness, or hunger
- Palpitations and muscle tremors
- Strange actions or behaviour; the casualty may seem confused or
belligerent
- Sweating and cold, clammy skin
- Pulse may be rapid and strong
- Deteriorating level of response
- Diabetic's warning card, glucose gel, tablets, or an insulin
syringe in casualty's possessions.
Treatment
Your aim is to raise the sugar content of the blood as quickly
as possible and to obtain medical help if necessary.
- Help the casualty to sit or lie down
- Give them a sugary drink, sugar lumps, chocolate or any other
sweet food. Don’t give them diet drinks, they don’t have the sugar
in them that they need
- Alternatively if the patient has their own glucose gel help
them to take it.
If the casualty responds quickly:
- Give them more food and drink and let them rest until they feel
better
- Advise them to see their doctor even if they feel fully
recovered.
Warning! If their consciousness is impaired
don’t give them anything to eat or drink as they may not be able to
swallow or drink it properly.
If the condition does not improve:
- Monitor the level of response and look for any other possible
causes.
If the casualty is unconscious:
- Open the airway and check breathing (primary survey)
- Give chest compressions and rescue
breaths if necessary
- If the patient loses consciousness but is still breathing
normally place them in the recovery
position
- Dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance
- Always monitor and record the vital signs, levels of response,
pulse and breathing for instance and give this information to the
emergency services when they arrive.
Related topics
Please note:
These hints are no substitute for thorough knowledge of first
aid! St John Ambulance holds first aid
courses throughout the country.