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Burns and scalds
Dr Lynn Thomas, OStJ, BSc, MB.BS, MA, FRCPClinically reviewed: 28/04/2025
If someone receives a burn or scald, your priority is to cool the burn as quickly as possible. Find out what to look for and how to perform first aid.
What are burns and scalds?
A burn can be caused by dry heat such as contact with fire, or a hot iron, or exposure to the sun. A scald can be caused by contact with wet heat, like steam or a hot cup of tea. The longer the burning goes on the more severe the injury. Your priority is to cool the burn as quickly as possible.
Signs and symptoms
Look for:
red skin and swelling
pain in the area of the burn
blistering may start to appear
crying in children and babies
What to do
- 1
Start cooling the burn or scald as quickly as possible. Hold it under cool running water for at least 20 minutes or until the pain feels better.
If there is no water available, you could use cold milk or canned drinks.
- 2
Remove any jewellery or clothing, unless stuck to the burn, before the area begins to swell.
- 3
When the burn has cooled, cover the area loosely with cling film, lengthways.
Do not wrap the cling film around the burn as the area needs space to swell.
If the burn is on a foot or hand, you could use a clean plastic bag.
Do not use ice, creams or gels. They may cause damage and increase the risk of infection.
Do not break any blisters that may appear as this may cause infection.
- 4
Monitor the casualty. Seek medical advice.
